Abstract: Objective To study the incidence and predilection site of cement leakage and vertebral leakage after vertebroplasty. Methods Imaging data about 68 patients who underwent vertebroplasty in our hospital from June 2012 to February 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, including alleviated symptoms of lumbar and back pain, cement leakage site, vertebral leakage site and related complications. Results The pain relief rate was 94.2%, the incidence of cement leakage, cortical leakage, termatic leakage, paravertebral vascular leakage, intravertebral leakage was 52.7%, 46.9%, 30.6%, 18.4%, 4.1%, respectively. The 12th thoracic vertebrae and the 1st lumbar vertebrae were the predilection sites of cement leakage. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 1 patient. Conclusion Although the incidence of cement leakage is relatively high after vertebroplasty, most patients have no clinical symptoms and do not need clinical intervention.