Abstract: Objective To observe the clinical effectiveness of three percent topical spray injection with recombinant human interleukin-11 on acute radioactive dermatitis. Methods One hundred and forty patients with acute radioactive dermatitis in our department from January to September in 2013 were randomly divided into test group (n=70) and control group (n=70). Patients in the test group were treated with 3% vial recombinant human interleukin - 11 spray dermatitis wound, while patients in the control group were treated with rehabilitation new liquid gels. Results After 48 hours, pain relief effect and dermatitis rehabilitation effect of patients in the test group were better than those of control group (P< 0. 05), especially in grade III radioactive dermatitis (χ²= 4.792, P=0.041). The 3 d dermatitis rehabilitation effect rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of control group (80% vs 32%, P=0.008), and the 7 d dermatitis rehabilitation effect rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of control group (80% vs 30%, P=0.004). Conclusion Topical spray injection with recombinant human interleukin - 11 solution after radiotherapy in radioactive dermatitis (grade II and above) can alleviate the symptoms of acute radioactive dermatitis and promote the rehabilitation of acute radioactive dermatitis.