Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of mucoid and non-mucoid P. aeruginosa (PAE), so as to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics and infection control. Methods The isolation distribution, resistant phenotype and drug resistance of mucoid and non-mucoid PAE isolated from General Hospital of Jinan Military Region from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of all the 1 465 PAE isolated from clinical specimens in 4 years, 44 (3.0%) were mucoid PAE and 1 421 (97.0%) were non-mucoid PAE strains. 43 cases of mucoid PAE were isolated from sputum and 1 from urine. Of all the non-mucoid PAE strains, 74.9 percent of them were isolated from sputum. Mucoid PAE infections were common in the patients with respiratory diseases accounting for 64.5%, and the non-mucoid strains were common in the patients with postoperative infection and respiratory diseases with the isolation rates of 25.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Of the 44 mucoid PAE strains, the multidrug-resistant accounted for 11.4%, while the isolation rate of non-mucoid multidrug-resistant PAE was 19.0%. The resistant strains, which were sensitive to some drugs before, showed increase of drug-resistance for mucoid PAE year by year, but the resistance rate was lower than non-mucoid PAE. The resistance rate of non-mucoid PAE decreased gradually from 2011. Conclusion The main specimen of PAE is isolated from sputum. PAE infection mainly occurs in the patients with chronic respiratory disease. Comparing with non-mucoid PAE, the resistance rate of mucoid PAE is increasing year by year. Prevention of infection control should be enhanced, so as to avoid cross infection in hospital.