Abstract: Objective To study the expression and distribution characteristics of the prostaglandin F_2αreceptors (PTGFR) in patients with adenomyosis, and discuss the association between uterine adenomyosis dysmenorrheal and PTGFR. Methods The expression of PTGFR was measured in the endometrium tissue and ectopic endometrium tissue of 30 AM patients admitted to our hospital from October 2013 to June 2014 with immunohistochemical method, and it was compared with the expression of PTGFR in normal endometrial tissue of 30 uterine-fibroid patients in the same period. Visual analogue scale/score was used to test the dysmenorrhea score in patients with AM and its correlation with PTGFR was analyzed. Results The difference of PTGFR among AM patients' endometrium tissue, ectopic endometrium tissue and the normal endometrium of the control group had statistical significance in the positive expression rate and expression intensity (P< 0.05); PTGFR expression in different menstrual cycle had no statistical significance (P> 0.05); there was positive correlation between the degree of dysmenorrheal and the expressed intensity of PTGFR in the endometrium tissue group and ectopic endometrium group with the correlation coefficient of 0.753 6 (P< 0.01) and 0.619 3 (P< 0.01) respectively. Conclusion Different tissue of patients with AM have different PTGFR expression, degree of dysmenorrhea is related to expression intensity of PTGFR in the endometrium tissue group and ectopic endometrium group, the more expressed intensity of PTGFR shows in AM patients, the higher degree of dysmenorrheal is.