Abstract: Objective To compare the simplicity and safety of two operative methods in inducing osteoporosis in rats. Methods Forty 3-month old female SD rats were divided into two groups randomly:OVX 1 group (n=20) and OVX 2 group (n=20). In the first group, ovariectomy was a double dorsal-lateral incision. In the second group, ovariectomy was a midline abdominal incision. Surgical operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications and BMD were compared between two groups. Results The average operation time of OVX 1 group was significantly shorter than that of OVX 2 group (26.35±7.55 min vs 30.95±6.39 min, P< 0.05). The average blood loss of OVX 1 group and OVX 2 group was 1.81±0.81 g and 1.82±0.77 g, respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The level of surgery time and blood loss were negative correlated with the number of rats in OVX 1 and OVX 2 group (r=-0.846 8, P=0.000, r=-0.788 2, P=0.000; r=-0.903 4, P=0.000, r=-0.891 2, P=0.000). One case in OVX 2 group had complication of incision infection. No rats died in two groups. All rats had undergone Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Measurement before and three months after operation. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the fifth lumbar was 0.376±0.021 g/cm²before operation and 0.264±0.026 g/cm²three months after operation in OVX 1 group, and 0.371±0.016 g/cm²and 0.275±0.019 g/cm²in OVX 2 group, which were significantly reduced (P< 0.05). Rats in OVX 2 group had severe abdominal cavity adhesion after three month. Conclusion The double dorsal-lateral incision of ovariectomization is technically easier, less time consuming and more safety in establishing the rat model of osteoporosis.