Abstract: Objective To investigate the treatment efficacy of rifaximin and bifidobacterium triple viable capsules sequential therapy for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods From January 2013 to January 2015, 78 patients with SIBO in our hospital were chosen as research objects. All patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=39) and control group (n=39), and the observation group received rifaximin and bifidobacterium triple viable capsules sequential therapy for 14 days, while the control group received 14 days of rifaximin alone treatment. After treatment, the differences of curative effect between two groups were compared. Results The differences of turning-negative rate of SIBO between observation group and control group had statistical significance (76.92% ^vs 53.84%, ^P ＜ 0.05). There was statistically significant difference of treatment efficiency between observation group and control group (64.10% ^vs 53.85%, ^P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of rifaximin and bifidobacterium triple viable capsules sequential therapy for SIBO is obvious.