Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation between clinical outcomes in patients with hyperlipidemia and the distribution of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Methods From March 2012 to June 2014, 120 cases with hyperlipidemia (85 males, 35 females, average age of (48.1±11.6) years) in our hospital were randomly divided into four groups, and they were provided with one-month treatment. Group A were treated with low fat diet + exercise; group B were treated with lipid-lowering drug therapy; group C were treated with intestinal flora regulator treatment; group D were treated with lipid-lowering drugs + modulators. The serum lipids and intestinal flora detections were given in all patients separately before admission, 1 month after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. The lipid levels of patients in four groups, the changes of intestinal microflora and the blood lipid sustainment after treatment in different periods were analyzed and compared. Results The total cholesterol (TC) of group C before treatment, 1 month and 3 months after treatment was (6.69±1.29) mmol/L, (6.18±1.04) mmol/L and (6.78±1.14) mmol/L, triglyceride (TG) was (1.91±0.32) mmol/L, (1.87±0.46) mmol/L, (1.93±0.28) mmol/L; high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was (0.91±0.35) mmol/L, (0.97±0.33) mmol/L, (0.97±0.36) mmol/L; while TC in group D was (6.79±1.39) mmol/L, (4.11±1.07) mmol/L, (4.27±1.03) mmol/L, TG: (1.90±0.55) mmol/L, (1.36±0.41) mmol/L, (1.39±0.29) mmol/L, HDL-C: (0.88±0.30) mmol/L, (1.32±0.39) mmol/L, (1.24±0.35) mmol/L. The effect of lowering blood lipid in group C was the worst (1 month 30%; 3 months 16.7%), in group D was the best (1 month 76.6%; 3 months 70%). There was rebound phenomenon of HDL-C level in group D as time changed HDL-C: before treatment (0.88±0.30) mmol/L, 1 month (1.32±0.39) mmol/L, 3 months (0.97±0.36) mmol/L. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in group C at 1 month after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment and three months after treatment (7.49±0.34) vs (6.85±0.26), (6.73±0.28); (9.50±0.15) vs (9.32±0.12), (9.22±0.14), and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in group D at 1 month and 3 months after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment (7.63±0.62), (7.42±0.59) vs (6.88±0.23); (9.55±0.14), (9.51±0.11) vs (9.27±0.13). Conclusion Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteriumintervention treatment has positive therapeutic effect in patients with hyperlipidemia.