Abstract: Objective To investigate the related risk factors for incision infection after operation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Clinical data about 595 hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent operation in Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion criteria, patients were divided into two groups: infection group (n=45) and control group (n=550). The general data, operation situation, postoperative complications data and wound infections were statistically analyzed. Results All patients had completed the operation successfully. The incision infection occurred in 45 cases with incidence rate of 7.6%. No patients died of incision infection. Multivariate analysis showed that patients’ body mass index, operation time, positive bile culture and postoperative biliary fistula were independent risk factors of incision infection (P< 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative nutritional status and postoperative biliary fistula are the main risk factors of incision infection after operation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.