Abstract: Objective To identify the prognostic factors of immunohistochemical markers of MDM2, CDK4, Ki-67 for patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Methods Clinical data about 64 patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma managed with surgery in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and patients were divided into positive group and negative group according to the immunohistochemical markers of MDM2 and CDK4, while they were also divided into low expression group(≤ 10%)and high expression group(＞ 10%)according to the result of Ki-67.The differences of clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors between two groups were compared. Results Of the 64 cases, 54 patients ²=6.298, P=0.012), CDK4 positive(χ²=5.474, P=0.019), Ki-67 overexpression(＞ 10%)(χ²=6.311，P=0.012)were associated with postoperative survival time, but CDK4, Ki-67 were not independent factors for retroperitoneal liposarcoma.Multivariate analysis showed that radical surgery(RR=2.617, P＜0.05)and MDM2(RR=0.369, P＜0.05)were independent prognostic indicators for retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Conclusion The immunohistochemical marker of MDM2, CDK4 positive and Ki-67 high expression are indicators of poor prognosis in retroperitoneal liposarcoma, MDM2 is an independent prognostic indicator in retroperitoneal liposarcoma.