Abstract: Objective To study the disease detection of military health examination population and provide data evidence for effective interventions. Methods The results of regular annual health examination of military aged 35 years old or above in some general hospitals from 2009 to 2013 were selected for data extraction and analysis. Results From 2009 to 2013, the top five diseases were hyperlipidemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, fatty liver, hypertension and hyperuricemia, with the range of detection rate 30.69‰-55.38‰, 21.87‰-49.66‰, 25.40‰-41.47‰, 12.59‰-25.02‰, and 10.58‰-23.35‰, respectively. In addition, the overall incidence of chronic pharyngitis had risen in recent years. Compared with women, men were more prone to coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia and chronic bronchitis. However, women were more likely to suffer hyperlipidemia, chronic pharyngitis, hemorrhoids (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Besides, the highest incidence of female special diseases was breast hyperplasia, with the detection rate varing from 13.60‰ to 37.87‰. Conclusion There are significant differences in sex with the detection rate of disease among military, and targeted education and intervention should be carried out.