Abstract: Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy surgery on complex ocular trauma and its related factors. Methods Clinical data about 117 patients (117 eyes) with complex ocular trauma who had undergone vitrectomy in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 111 successful operation eyes (94.87%), 62 eyes (52.99%) achieved function recovery, 49 eyes (41.88%) were anatomical recovery, and 6 eyes (5.13%) were not cured. The surgical success rate in adult patients was higher than patients younger than 18 years old, and it was higher in the post-traumatic for 7-14 days than those less than 7 days or more than 14 days. The effects of patients without retinal detachment were significantly better than those with retinal detachment preoperatively, and it was also better in patients with penetrating injuries than those with rupture injuries. Surgical success rate in patients with closed-globe injuries was higher than those with open-ocular injuries. The therapeutic effect of patients with wound locating in Ⅰ, Ⅱ area was significantly better than patients with wound in the Ⅲ area. Conclusion Most patients with severe ocular trauma undergoing vitrectomy can achieve functionally cured, while some can achieve anatomically cured. Pre-operative visual acuity, operation time, age, combined with retinal detachment, traumatic type, and injury area are closely related to the prognosis.