Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of single port thoracoscopy and traditional cesarean section surgery in the treatment of chest trauma hemopneumothorax, and provide a reliable basis for treatment of chest trauma. Methods Eighty-six patients with chest traumatic hemopneumothorax admitted to the department of chest cardiac, First Hospital in Yulin City of Shaanxi province from October 2012 to February 2015 were enrolled in this study and they were randomly divided into treatment group (n=43) and control group (n = 43). Patients in treatment group underwent single port thoracoscopic operation, while others in control group underwent traditional cut open chest surgery. The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, pain score at the third day after operation and length of hospital stay of the two groups were compared. Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age and clinical diagnosis of type between patients in two groups (P＞0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, pain score at the third day after operation and length of hospital stay of treatment group were better than control group with significant differences (P＜0.05). Conclusion Single port thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of thoracic traumatic hemopneumothorax operation is safe and effective with small trauma and fewer complications, which is better than the conventional thoracic surgery and worthy of clinical application.