Abstract: Objective To establish radioactive esophagitis rats models by 6MV X-ray energy. Methods Different physical dose of 6MV X-rays was used to irradiate the Wistar rats. The entire esophageal tissues of rats were taken for pathology analysis after radiation for 7, 14, 21 days and the optimal dose for experimental model was selected. In addition, the food intake and weight changes of rats were observed in these stages. Results The incidence of radiation esophagitis was growing as the increase of dose. When radiation dose increased to 40 Gy, rats in radiation group had radioactive esophagitis, but no rats died. There were no significant differences in tubulointerstitial lesions and arteriole hypertrophy when rats radiated by 40 Gy after 7 or 14 days (P＞0.05). Seven days after irradiation, the daily diet and weight of rats dropped to the lowest level. On day 21, the injury of esophageal mucosa was repaired in some degree, and the inflammatory reaction was reduced. Conclusion Esophagitis animal model can be established after 7 days by using 6MV X-rays in 40 Gy.