Abstract: Objective To evaluate the utilization of ultrasonography in clinical diagnosis and treatment of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Methods Clinical characteristics and ultrasonic imaging features of CPPD were summarized by analyzing the diagnostic procedure and treatment of one patient with CPPD in Chinese PLA General Hospital and its related literature review. Results This patient was a 49-year-old woman and she was characterized by recurrent joint pain. She had been long-term misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis and eventually diagnosed as CPPD owing to the application of ultrasound. The ultrasound imaging showed that high echogenic lines nearly in parallel with bone surface existed in articular cartilage of distal radius and distal femur in both sides. Conclusion Ultrasound can serve as a good diagnostic tool for CPPD in clinical practice.