Abstract: Objective To observe the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation on inflammatory reaction and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Methods The ADSCs in SD rats were isolated, cultured, and identified. Sixty SD rats (250 g) were randomlydivided into sham, control and ADSCs group, and myocardial ischemia reperfusion models were established by transient ligation of the left anteriordescending coronary artery for 40 min. TTC/Evans blue staining for infarct size, HE staining for inflammatory reaction and Flow cymetory analysis for immune cell proportion were performed at 48 hours after operation. Left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) weredetected by echocardiography, and left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and +dp/dt_maxand -dp/dt_minweredetected by hemodynamics at 28days after operation. Results Compared with control group, infarct size and infarct size/AARdecreased significantly (14.372%±3.482%) vs (8.364%±3.47%), (33.482%±4.261%) vs (16.384%±4.238%), P< 0.05, inflammation response was relieved, ratios of leukocytes and neutrophilsdecreased (64.25%±2.228%) vs (54.65%±1.613%), (16.325%±1.506%) vs (6.695%±0.671%), P< 0.05, while ratios of macrophages and M2 macrophages increased in ADSCs group at 48 hours after operation (10.525%±0.896%) vs (18.5%±0.589%), (32.4%±2.407%) vs (50%±3.822%), P< 0.05; Compared with control group, FS, EF, +dp/dt_maxand -dp/dt_minimproved in ADSCs group at 28days after operation (29.617±3.462) vs (40.175±2.447), (62.683%±5.392%) vs (76.760%±2.709%), (1 419.759±228.753) vs (3 458.153±592.408), (1 417.008±296.541) vs (3 047.759±763.195), P< 0.05. Conclusion ADSCs transplantation reduces cardiac inflammation, decreases infarct size, thusdelays ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in rats after myocardial ischemia reperfusion.