Abstract: Objective To investigate the biological safety of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) by pyrogen test and add evidences in biocompatibility of MPC for its application in clinical orthopaedics. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into MPC group (group A) and control group (group B), ten rabbits in each group. MPC leaching solution was prepared and preheated to 38℃, and then it was injected into the rabbits of group A through ear vein with volume of 10 ml/kg. 0.9% sodium chloride injection was preheated to 38℃ and was injected into rabbits of group B by the same way with injection speed of 2 ml/min. The temperature of every rabbit was recorded before injection, and the body temperature was measured every 0.5 h after injection, for total six times. Results There was no statistical difference in body weight (kg), injection volume (ml), initial body temperature (℃) between MPC group and control group (P> 0.05). After injection leaching solution at time points of 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 2.5 h, 3 h, no statistical difference was found in the body temperature between MPC group and control group (P> 0.05). There was no statistical difference in maximum temperature between MPC group and control group after injection (P> 0.05), and no statistical difference was found between maximum temperature and initial temperature in MPC group and control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion There is no pyrogen reaction in animals after being injected with MPC, and the preliminary results show that MPC is safe and can be applicated in orthopaedics.