Abstract: Objective To analyze the etiology, clinical features, causes and treatment of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) through analyzing clinical data about patients with RTA. Methods One hundred and ninety-five cases with RTA hospitalized in Chinese PLAgeneral Hospital from 1993 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.All the clinical and laboratory data were collected.The etiology of RTA was identified, and its prognosis was summarized. Results In this cohort, there were 51 male and 144 female cases with age ranging from 2 to 79 years.Primary RTA and secondary RTA accounted for 23.1% and 76.9%, respectively.The etiology of RTA included Sjgren's syndrome (SS) (42.6%), chronic kidney disease (12.8%), nephrotoxicity drugs (4.1%) and so on.The most common initial symptoms were feebleness (69.7%), followed by polydipsia and polyuria (45.6%), limbs paralysis (39.5%), arthralgia (33.8%), etc.Routine treatments on metabolic acidosis and electrolyte disturbances was performed.Immune suppressive therapy withglucocorticoid or/and cytoxan on patients with active SS (n=83), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=2) and rheumatoid arthritis (n=2) was effective to achieve disease relief and antibody titers decrease. Conclusion Clinicians should improve the understanding of complex causes and various clinical manifestations of RTA.Early diagnosis and effective treatment, especially immune suppressive therapy on active autoimmune diseases, can improve the patients' quality of life and reduce complications.