Abstract: Objective To analyze the indications, timing, hemostatic treatment measures and effect of relaparotomy due to postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section. Methods Clinical data about 24 obstetric patients in People's Liberation Army No.202 Hospital who underwent relaparotomy due to postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section from January 2008 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twenty-four patients aged (31.3±4.6) years (ranging from 23 to 39 years) withgravidity of 1 to 7 (2.3±1.3) times were enrolled in this study.Cesarean sections were performed to these patients for social factors, fetal distress, placental factors, macrosomia and so on.Indications of relaparotomy included uterine inertia (n=12), placental (membrane) stripping surface bleeding (n=5), intra-abdominal bleeding (n=3), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, n=2), low-lying placenta (n=1) and late postpartum hemorrhage (n=1).Surgical hemostasis consisted of bilateral uterine artery ascending branch ligation, bilateral arcuate artery suture hemostasis and hysterectomy.Before relaparotomy, patients accompanied with hemorrhage shock were found in 9 cases, DIC in 11 cases, while postoperative lung infection occurred in 3 cases, acute renal failure in 2 cases, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in 1 case.Of the 24 patients, 6 cases with invalid conservation treatment received hysterectomy. All patients were clinically recovered before discharge. Conclusion It is necessary to perform relaparotomy after cesarean section due to postpartum hemorrhage without hesitation when conservative treatment is ineffective. According to the bleeding site, appropriate surgical hemostasis method should be used to reduce postoperative complications, the rate of hysterectomy and maternal mortality.