Abstract: Objective To discuss the effect of Anisodamine combined with Neostigmine on postoperative hepatic tissue inflammation of rats undergoing choledochojejunostomy. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, experimental group and control group.The rats of sham operation group just underwent the procedure of opening and closing abdomen.And the other two groups' rats underwent the ligation of common bile duct for the model of obstructive jaundice.Then on the fifth day after the procedure, rats in experimental group and control group underwent choledochojejunostomy and hepatic artery ligation.Rats in experimental group were treated with anisodamine (25 mg/kg) combined with neostigmine (50μg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection (1/d), and rats in control group were treated with equivalent dose of 0.9% NaCl solution.Then 6 rats in each group were sacrificed respectively on day 3, day 7 and day 14 after operation to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue, changes of liver function and expression levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-β in serum. Results The expression levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-β in serum of rats in experimental group and control group on day 3, day 7 and day 14 after operation were all significantly higher than those of sham operation group, and the liver function, serum albumin, total bilirubin of rats in experimental group and control group were all significantly lower than those of sham operation group (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in rats' inflammatory index between experimental group and control group on day 3 after the procedure, but rats' liver function and expression levels of CRP, IL-6 on day 7 and day 14 in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜ 0.05).HE staining of liver tissues showed normal lobe structure of liver in sham operation group, while in control group, there were obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal area and focal necrosis of liver cells; while these pathological changes in experimental group were less severe than that of control group. Conclusion Anisodamine combined with Neostigmine can significantly relieve rats' postoperative hepatic inflammatory reaction and reduce the postoperative serum levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-β.