Abstract: Objective To explore the difference of content of heart-type fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP) in serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) treated by atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Methods One hundred and twenty-two hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome were recruited in Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2014 to August 2015, and they were divided into two treatment groups.One group(n=65) were administrated with atorvastatin(20 mg/d), and the other group(n=57) were administrated with rosuvastatin(10 mg/d).The effects of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin on H-FABP in serum of patients with ACS were compared. Results Before treatment, the level of H-FABP in patients who took atorvastatin was(9.4±2.3) ng/ml, and it was(8.9±2.7) ng/ml in patients who took rosuvastatin, showing no significant difference between two groups(P> 0.05).After 14 days of treatment, the level of H-FABP in patients who took atorvastatin was(3.8±3.1) ng/ml and it was(2.6±2.2) ng/ml in patients who took rosuvastatin, which was significantly lower than those before treatment(P< 0.05).In addition, the level of H-FABP in patients who took rosuvastatin was significantly lower than that in patients who took atorvastatin(2.6±2.2) ng/ml vs(3.8±3.1) ng/ml, P< 0.05. Conclution The H-FABP decreases markedly in patients with acute coronary syndrome after atorvastatin treatment or rosuvastatin treatment.Rosuvastatin is more effective compared with atorvastatin on level of H-FABP in ACS patients.