RhoGTP酶在哺乳动物细胞失重/微重力适应中的作用研究进展

Progress on the role of RhoGTPase in mammalian cell adaptation to microgravity-related conditions

摘要: 研究显示细胞暴露于失重/微重力环境会发生细胞骨架重塑，而RhoGTP酶是调控细胞骨架动态平衡的机械敏感性分子开关。失重/微重力状态下发生的绝大多数细胞形态和功能改变，均可用RhoGTP酶参与调节来解释。本文综述了哺乳动物细胞适应重力改变的一般性原则，讨论了失重/微重力状态下细胞形态、细胞核、黏着斑等的变化情况，试图阐明这些变化与RhoGTP酶特异性激活间的关系，深化我们对细胞适应失重/微重力环境机制的理解。

Abstract: A growing number of studies are revealing that mammalian cells reorganize their cytoskeleton when exposed to microgravity. Most of the structural changes observed on flown cells can be explained by modulation of RhoGTPases, which are mechanosensitive switches responsible for cytoskeletal dynamics control. This review outlines the general principles defining cell sensitivity to gravitational stresses. In order to enhance our understanding of cell adaptation to microgravity-related conditions, we discuss what is known about changes in cell shape, nucleus, and focal adhesions and try to reveal their relationship with specific RhoGTPase activities.