Abstract: Orexin and its receptors are widely expressed in the nervous system with various functions, whose damage can lead to some nervous system diseases, while nervous system diseases can also infuence the orexin system in turn and affect its function. This paper reviews the results of the present studies on the relationship of orexin system and sleep disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, epilepsy, cluster headache and other diseases of the central nervous system, in order to reveal the relevance between orexin system and the pathophysiological process of these diseases, and to lay the theoretical basis for neuroendocrinology diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.