Abstract: Objective To explore the risk factors of fracture nonunion in patients after surgery for femoral fractures. Methods Clinical data of 56 patients with femoral nonunion after surgery for femoral fractures from Jan. 2014 to Sep. 2016 as experiment group, and 56 cases of fracture healing (implant removal after internal fixation in our hospital) as control group were included in this study. The chisquare test and a binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed more patients with smoking, drinking, open wounds or multiple fractures were in nonunion group than in control group (P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed drinking and multiple fractures were independent risk factors for nonunion of postoperative femoral fractures. Conclusion Patients with smoking, drinking, open fractures or multiple fractures should be counseled about the possibility of nonunion occurrence after fracture surgery.