Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Functional recovery of the injured nerve is an important intervention strategy, but there is still no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a unique role in promoting nerve regeneration and regulating immune response, and is promising in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mesenchymal stem cells can be derived from different sources including bone marrow, umbilical cord, fat, amniotic membrane and so on. Different types of mesenchymal stem cells play different roles in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the application of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is reviewed here.