Abstract: Obesityand insulin resistance are the major mechanisms of the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome, which can not be cured by current treatments.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of fibroblast- like stromal cells, which have strong self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacities.Based on its function of secretion, immune regulation and damage repair, MSCs have been widely applied to the research on treatment of various diseases, such as diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis.With increasing researches on molecular mechanisms of MSCs transplantation on insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, we believe that mesenchymal stem cells transplant may become a new method for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.