Abstract: Objective To compare the effectiveness of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) and traditional laparoscopic surgery (TLS) in the treatment of retroperitoneal paragangliomas (PGL) and evaluate the safety and feasibility of RALS．Methods This retrospective study recruited 23 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2016, including 6 cases treated by RALS and the other 17 cases treated by TLS． The perioperative and follow-up data of all patients were recorded and analyzed statistically． Results Compared with TLS, RALS indicated a significant superiority with less blood loss 125．0(152．5) ml vs 250．0(225．0) ml, P=0．045 and less fluctuation of intraoperative blood pressure (56．7±15．0) mmHg vs (91．8± 34．5) mmHg, P=0．011． No statistical difference was found in operative time, utilization of Esmolol, blood transfusion, postoperative complications, time to oral-intake, time to off-bed activity, length of catheter-indwelling and hospital stay． One patient undergoing TLS recurred in postoperative follow-up, while no recurrence was found after RALS． Conclusion RALS is a safe and effective micro-invasive operation for retroperitoneal PGL． Large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to testify our conclusion．