Abstract: Objective To indentify the biological characteristics and prognosis of insular low-grade glioma through the analysis of its clinical features, histological pathology and molecular pathology. Methods Clinical data about 61 cases with low-grade glioma admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 61 cases, there were 35 males(57.4%) and 26 females (42.6%) with mean age of (40.6±3.2) years old. Patients were classified into two groups based on tumor location: insular group (n=21) and non-insular group (n=40), and their histological pathology and molecular pathology results were compared. PFS and OS were recorded and compared. Results Compared to supratentorial lobes, insular low-grade glioma had a higher frequency of IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase-1) mutations (90.4% vs 60.0%, P=0.045) and MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation (76.2% vs 62.5%, P=0.037) with longer PFS (30.0 months vs 28.1 months, P=0.037) and OS (30.0 months vs 29.0 months, P=0.216). Conclusion Insular low-grade glioma has unique molecular parameters, and patients can achieve better prognosis through aggressive treatment.