Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence of disc degeneration adjacent to the vertebral body of osteoporotic fracture treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), and whether adjacent disc degeneration was accelerated by the two procedures. Methods From June 2010 to February 2014, a total of 124 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) were recruited in our study. They were divided into 3 groups, 45 patients were treated with PVP, 39 patients with PKP and 40 patients with conservative treatment (control group). VAS scores and MRI I were recorded respectively before and at 1 day, 12 months, 24 months after operation. Results At the first day after surgery, VAS scores of PVP group and PKP group were higher than that of control group (2.97±1.33) and (3.05±1.45) vs (7.67±1.43), P< 0.05, respectively. At 12 months after surgery, the MRI I of upper disc (UD) of fractural vertebral in PKP group was lower than that of control group (8 503.23±963.87) vs(9 904.69±112.63), P< 0.05. At 24 months after surgery, there were significant differences in MRI I in both the upper and the lower disc of the fractural vertebral between PKP group, PVP group and control group LD (7 403.23±963.62) and (8 988.55±1 069.59) vs (10 168.00±1 279.18) and UD (6 535.15±1 077.69) and (7 885.31±978.97) vs (9 968.77±1 084.32), P< 0.05, respectively. Conclusion PVP and PKP may accelerate the disc degeneration adjacent to the fractured vertebral body in the early stage, especially in the upper disc, and the effect of PKP is more remarkable.