Abstract: Objective To apply carbon nanoparticles technology in pancreatoduodenectomy with total mesopancreas excision for pancreatic head cancer. Methods Totally 96 patients with pancreatic head cancer who were treated in Linyi Central Hosptial from January 2015 to September 2017 were divided into experimental group (n=48) and control group (n=48). There were 27 males and 21 females aged 33-72 years in experimental group with carbon nanoparticles injected at three locations in pancreatic head; 29 males and 19 females aged 35-71 years without carbon nanoparticles in control group. After operation, postoperative outcomes including the number of lymph node dissected, operating time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between two groups. Results All patients had completed pancreaticoduodenectomy with total mesopancreas excision, and pancreatic head cancer was proved by pathology. There was no statistical difference in operative time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay between experimental group and control group (all P > 0.05). The number of lymph node dissected in the two groups were (18±1.7) and (13±2.5), and the number of positive lymph node were (6±2.1) and (3±1.1), respectively, which showed statistically significant difference (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in incidences of postoperative pancreatic leakage, intraperitoneal hemorrhage and abdominal infection between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The application of carbon nanoparticles technology is safe, and it can improve detection rate of lymph node in total mesopancreas excision plus pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer.