Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of lung infection in patients in department of hematology, provide evidences for clinical prevention and control of infection, so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in tropical area. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on clinical data about pathogens from sputum culture of 587 inpatients with suspected lung infection admitted to department of hematology in our hospital from May 2014 to November 2017. Results Simultaneous repeated detection data were eliminated. Totally 190 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 158 sputum specimens in 108 patients with lung infection in department of hematology, including 101 strains (53.2%) of fungi, 65 strains (34.2%) of Gram-negative bacteria and 24 strains (12.6%) of Gram-positive bacteria. Among 101 fungi, there were 98 strains of Candida species (including 46 strains of Candida albicans, 10 strains of Candida tropicalis, 2 strains of Candida albicans, 1 strain of Candida tropicalis, 39 strains of other Candida species), and 3 strains of mould; there were 44 strains of fungi (including 43 strains of Candida and 1 strain of mould) combined with bacterial infection, including 11 strains of Enterobacter, 7 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 5 strains of Ralstonia pwkettii, 4 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 strains of Escherichia coli, 2 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, 1 strain of Acinetobacter haemolyticus, 1 strain of other Pseudomonas and 1 strain of other Klebsiella, 9 strains of Enterococcus, 2 strains of Gram-positive bacilli and 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion The climatic condition of tropical area influences the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in lung infection to a certain extent, and we find that Candida albicans is the main pathogen of pulmonary infection in patients of department of hematology. Candida infection may induce other pathogenic bacteria infections, increase the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and threaten the health of patients.