Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of inflammatory markers as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein(CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) for the differential diagnosis of aortic dissection (AD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Eighty-three patients with aortic dissection (AD group), 78 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI group) and 76 healthy controls received health screening in the same period excluded from heart disease (normal control group) in the Second Hospital of Nanjing from January 2016 to October 2017 were included in this study. Serum PCT, CRP, WBC count in Stanford A and B aortic dissection were determined and compared. At the same time, the diagnostic value was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results Compared with control group, AD group and AMI group had significantly higher level of PCT, CRP, WBC, neutrophil ratio, and lower level of lymphocyte ratio (all P=0.000). Compared with AMI group, PCT, CRP, WBC and neutrophil ratio in AD group were higher, while lymphocyte ratio was lower (all P=0.000). In AD group, patients with Stanford A aortic dissection had higher neutrophil ratio (P=0.001) and lower lymphocyte ratio (P=0.001) compared with patients with Stanford B aortic dissection. ROC curve analysis revealed the area under the curve (AUC) detected by PCT, CRP, WBC was 0.645, 0.692 and 0.687, respectively. The AUC of the combined detection was 0.751, which was higher than former single index (all P< 0.05). Conclusion Combination of serum PCT, CRP and WBC has significant diagnostic value in differentiating AD and AMI.