Abstract: The pathogenesis of thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is unknown, and the causes of TSS are varied, including genetic, local mechanical factors, age-related degeneration, endocrinic factor and metabolic abnormalities of trace element and so on. TSS often contains both posterior longitudinal ligament ossification and thoracic disc herniation, and a variety of pathological changes such as yellow ligament ossification. Meanwhile it is frequently complicated with cervical, lumbar spine diseases. The section of lesion involved is uncertain, maybe one segment, or the whole thoracic vertebra, so that the clinical manifestations are complex and varied, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. Surgical treatment is the only effective treatment. If the pressure factors can not be removed in time, it will cause irreversible consequences. The risk of surgical injury to the spinal cord is very high, and severe complications are common seen. This article reviews the current research and treatment progress of this disease.