Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of abdominal infection after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data about 298 patients who underwent liver transplantation in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion criteria, patients were divided into two groups: infection group and control group. The general data, perioperative indicators and abdominal infection were statistically analyzed. Results Abdominal infection occurred in 46 cases with incidence rate of 15.4%. Four patients(8.7%) died of abdominal infection. Multivariate analysis showed that malignant disease, diabetes and ascites before operation were independent risk factors of infection(all P<0.05). Conclusion Benign disease OR(95% CI), 2.778(1.300, 5.917), diabetes OR(95% CI),2.590(1.199, 5.594) and ascites OR(95% CI), 2.920(1.301, 6.555) before operation are the main risk factors of abdominal infection after liver transplantation.