Abstract: Objective To explore the predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR)for overall survival and progression free survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Methods Clinical data about 128 patients with multiple myeloma who were diagnosed in Linyi People's Hospital from January 2015 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into low NLR group(NLR < 2.444) versus high NLR group(NLR ≥ 2.444),low PLR group(PLR < 145.234) versus high PLR group(PLR ≥ 145.234). Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between NLR, PLR and clinical data. The relationships of NLR and PLR with overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results There were 48 cases in the high NLR group and 80 cases in the low NLR group. Compared to low NLR group, the high NLR group had higher level of creatinine, serum calcium and serum β2 microglobulin(all P< 0.05). There were 41 cases in the high PLR group and 87 cases in the low PLR group. Compared with the low PLR group, the levels of serum albumin and serum β2 microglobulin were significantly higher in the high PLR group(all P< 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that serum calcium, serum creatinine, serum albumin, β2-MG, NLR, and PLR were the influential factors of overall survival, and β2-MG, NLR, and PLR were the influential factors of progression-free survival.Multivariate analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor affecting progression-free survival in MM patients(HR, 0.444; 95% CI, 0.200-0.986). Conclusion NLR in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma can be an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Higher NLR predicts shorter progression-free survival.