Abstract: Objective To investigate the anxiety status of medical staff in a military hospital and analyze its risk factors. Methods FromFebruary to April in 2016, 322 medical staff in a military hospital were selected, and the anxiety status of different medical staff was assessed by self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS). t test and F test were used to analyze the total anxiety score and the related factors. Results The incidence of anxiety in 322 military medical staff was 24.8%, and the total score of SAS was significantly higher than that of the domestic norm(43.62±10.68 vs 29.78±0.46, P< 0.001). The results of univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the total score of anxiety between different military medical staff by gender, job status, occupational category, education level and accommodation(all P> 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in anxiety by marital status, work week length, night shift, frequency of rescuing patients, frequency of exposure to infectious diseases, frequency of communication with leadership, and insurance coverage(P< 0.05, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that greater work week length(OR=1.971, P=0.041) and more frequent to exposure to infectious diseases(OR =1.618, P=0.005) were the risk factors for anxiety among medical staff. While more frequent communication with leaders(OR=0.476, P< 0.001) was the protective factor. Conclusion The anxiety level of military medical personnel is significantly higher than that of the general population. Reasonable arrangement of working hours, paying more attention to people frequently exposed to occupational hazards and strengthening communication between superiors and subordinates may be effective ways to reduce the anxiety of military medical personnel.