Abstract: Fetal short-limb skeletal dysplasia is the main manifestation of skeletal abnormalities, and is a common indicator of ultrasound abnormalities. Possible causes of short limbs include maternal factors, placental umbilical cord factors and fetal factors. Prenatal diagnosis techniques have markedly improved the detection rate of fetal limb microsomia. This article reviews the possible etiology and prenatal diagnosis technologies of fetal short-limb skeletal dysplasia.