Abstract: Objective To investigate the influencing factors associated with short-term prognosis for patients received conservative treatment of ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Clinical data about 21 patients diagnosed with VSR after AMI in the first medical center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients who received surgery or transcatheter closure within 30 days were ruled out.Totally 21 patients were included in our study,and they were divided into survival group (n=7) and death group (n=14) according to 30-day prognosis,and their clinical characteristics were investigated. Results Patients in death group were significantly older (57.43±9.85 years vs 72.43±9.10 years,P=0.003),had significantly higher level of WBC counts (14.77±5.54 vs 8.94±2.00,P=0.003),significantly higher level of Troponin T (Md,3.56 ng/ml vs 0.31 ng/ml,P=0.011) and CK-MB (52.70 ng/ml vs 3.70 ng/ml,P=0.017) than those in survival group.Patients in death group had greater interval between VSR and AMI (Md,7.00 d vs 2.75 d),higher level of pro-BNP (Md,9 148 pg/ml vs 4 255 pg/ml) and bigger diameter of VSR (10.71±3.40 mm vs 12.14±4.09 mm) than those in death group,however,the differences were not significant (all P>0.05).The 30-day mortality rate of VSR after AMI was 66.67%. Conclusion Age,WBC count,troponin T and CK-MB levels play potential roles in the short-term prognosis of patients with VSR after AMI.