Abstract: Objective To assess the effect and safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in treatment of short stature children and discuss the comprehensive management during treatment. Methods A total of 63 short stature patients with average age of 9 years were enrolled in this study from 2016 to 2018 in the first affiliated hospital of Jinzhou Medical University.According to the etiology,they were divided into growth hormone deficiency (GHD) group (rhGH,0.12-0.15 IU/kg daily) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) group (rhGH,0.15 IU/kg daily).Comprehensive management (diet and nutrition guidance,exercise,high-quality sleep,etc.) was performed to assist treatment and vitamin D3 was administrated orally for 400 IU per day.The changes in height velocity (HV),height standard deviation score (HtSDS),serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),bone age (BA),chronological age (CA),height age (HA) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at 3,6,9 and 12 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results HtSDS and HV both increased after the treatment in the two groups,and they were significantly higher in the GHD group than those in the ISS group at 6,9 and 12 months after treatment (P<0.05).The serum level of IGF-1 increased in the two groups after treatment,and it was positively correlated with HtSDS.There was no statistically significant difference in bone age at 1 year after treatment between the two groups (P>0.05).One case had headache in ISS group.Transient slight increase of fasting blood glucose(6.1 mmol/L) was observed in 1 case in each group. Conclusion rhGH is effective in treatment of short stature children with few adverse events.The growth rate in GHD patient is superior to ISS.Good comprehensive management and cultivation of children's healthy living habits are helpful and necessary.