Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with macular epiretinal membrane dissection on idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane and its influencing factors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 17 patients (17 eyes) with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane diagnosed in our department from January 2015 to June 2018.All the 17 eyes were treated with 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with macular epiretinal membrane dissection.In addition,3 cases underwent removal of inner limiting membranes.Clinical data including age,disease course,best corrected visual acuity,preoperative macular fovea thickness,best corrected visual acuity,and macular fovea thickness at 3 months after operation were collected. Results Compared to pre-operation,the best corrected visual acuity (0.57±0.37) logMAR vs (0.34±0.29) logMAR,P=0.009,and the thickness of macular fovea (412.56±132.02) μm vs (266.29±80.84) μm,P<0.001 decreased significantly at 3 months after operation.The results of correlation analysis showed that the degree of postoperative visual acuity improvement was negatively correlated with preoperative best corrected visual acuity (logMAR) (r=-0.61,P=0.01);The best corrected visual acuity (logMAR) at 3 months after operation was positively correlated with preoperative best corrected visual acuity (logMAR) (r=0.53,P=0.03),and it was also positively correlated with the course of disease (r=0.51,P=0.04). Conclusion 25G vitrectomy combined with anterior macular membrane exudation has significant effect on visual acuity improvement in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane.The improvement of postoperative best corrected visual acuity is negatively correlated with preoperative best corrected visual acuity,but not with the thickness of macular fovea,age and disease course before operation.