直升机和歼击机飞行员听力损失特征分析

Characteristics of hearing loss in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots

  • 摘要:
      目的   比较直升机和歼击机飞行员听力损失特征,为航卫保障中听力防护提供依据。
      方法   收集2014年7月- 2019年9月在南部战区空军医院空勤科进行检查的无耳鸣、听力下降症状、结论为飞行合格的飞行员纯音测听资料316份,其中直升机飞行员186例,歼击机飞行员130例,计算0.25 kHz、0.5 kHz、1 kHz、2 kHz、3 kHz、4 kHz、6 kHz任一频率听阈高于25 dB的发生率,并分析语频(≤2 kHz)、高频(≥3 kHz)听力损失发生率的差异。
      结果   直升机飞行员和歼击机飞行员听力损失总发生率分别为16.4%和12.3%,噪声性听力损失的发生率分别为11.3%和10.8%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),噪声性听力损失以4 kHz发生率最高;单纯语频听力损失发生率分别为5.1%和1.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单纯语频听力损失直升机飞行员以0.5 kHz发生率最高,歼击机飞行员以2 kHz发生率最高。
      结论   飞行员听力损失发生率较高,以噪声性听力损失为主,但直升机飞行员单纯语频听力损失明显高于歼击机飞行员。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To compare the characteristics of hearing loss in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots, and provide evidence for hearing protection during aeromedical support service.
      Methods   Pure tone audiometry data from 316 qualified pilots for duties, who had no symptoms of tinnitus and hearing loss, were collected from July 2014 to September 2019 in the department of aviation medicine in the Air Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA. Among them, 186 cases were helicopter pilots, while 130 cases were fighter pilots. The incidence of auditory frequency threshold higher than 25 dB in 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz was calculated, respectively. Besides, the differences in the incidence of hearing loss in speech frequency (≤2 kHz) and high frequency (≥3 kHz) were analyzed.
      Results   The total incidence of hearing loss in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots was 16.4% and 12.3%, respectively (P > 0.05). The incidence of noise-induced hearing loss was 11.3% and 10.8%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); The highest incidence of noise-induced hearing loss happened at the frequency of 4 kHz in both of the two groups. The incidence of hearing loss in speech frequency was 5.1% in helicopter pilots, statistically higher than 1.5% in fighter pilots (P < 0.05); The highest incidence of hearing loss happened at the frequency of 0.5 kHz for helicopter pilots and 2 kHz for fighter pilots.
      Conclusion   Pilots have a higher incidence of hearing loss, which is mainly caused by noise. However, the incidence of hearing loss at speech frequency in helicopter pilots is significantly higher than that in fighter pilots.

     

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