Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury rabbit. Methods Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal group (n=8),ALI model group (n=8) and resveratrol group (n=8).The resveratrol group was treated with a dose of 250 mg/kg resveratrol by intragastric administration in the morning for seven days before modeling,then the ALI model group and the resveratrol group were treated with a dose of 750μg/kg LPS via auricular vein injection to model acute lung injury,while the control group was treated with equivalent saline.Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe lung tissue damage and determine whether the modeling was successful.TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to observe the apoptosis.The protein level of PERK,ATF4,CHOP,Caspase9,Bax and Bcl-2 in rabbits of each group were detected by western blot.The mRNA of PERK,ATF4,CHOP,Caspase9,Bax and Bcl-2 in rabbits of each group were measured with RT-PCR. Results Resveratrol alleviated the pathological damage of LPS-induced ALI lung tissue,reduced the lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio (P<0.05) and lowered the alveolar septal cell apoptosis index (P<0.05),and it also reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of ATF4,CHOP,Caspase9,and Bax (P<0.05),while increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol may play a protective role in LPS-induced rabbit ALI by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.