Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese bone-setting combined with blood-letting puncture and cupping on military training related acute lumbar sprain. Methods A prospective study was conducted in 64 patients diagnosed with military training related acute lumbar sprain admitted to a primary hospital of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and No.971 Hospital of PLA Navy from January 2016 to July 2018.The patients were randomly divided into control group (n=32) and observation group (n=32).Patients in control group were given traditional Chinese bone-setting therapy,and patients in observation group were given traditional Chinese bone-setting combined with blood-letting puncture and cupping on Ashi points,once every other day for a total of 3 times.Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Schober test (ST) were used to evaluate the treatment outcomes.The clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the relative value of VAS before and after the treatment. Results After the first treatment,the VAS of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.16±1.53 vs 4.34±1.73,P<0.05),while ST was significantly higher (5.47±1.45 cm vs 4.15±1.57 cm,P<0.05).After all the treatment,the VAS of the observation group was still significantly lower than that of the control group (1.59±0.81 vs 2.16±1.21,P<0.05),the ST in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.00±1.37 cm vs 6.28±1.32 cm,P<0.05).After the first treatment,the marked improvement rate was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group (78.13% vs 50%,P=0.036).There was no obvious side effect in the two groups. Conclusion Traditional Chinese bone-setting combined blood-letting puncture and cupping treatment is effective and safe in treatment of military training related acute lumbar sprain,with rapidity of action.The treatment method is simple and suitable for applying in primary medical units in the army.