Abstract: SOX9 is an important transcription factor in SRY related high-mobility group box (SOX) family,which plays an important role in embryo formation,organ development and differentiation,and is widely involved in the tumor development and progression of kidney,prostate,lung,liver,pancreas,skin,breast,ovary and other organs.In kidney disease,SOX9 can promote kidney development,repair of renal tubular injury after acute kidney injury (AKI),the progress of chronic kidney disease (CKD),and also accelerate tumor development and metastasis.In this article,we review some timely and significant findings relating to the role of SOX9 in kidney disease,which may be helpful to find new ideas and directions for the clinical treatment of kidney diseases.