Abstract: Objective To observe the age-related changes of learning and memory ability,and the expression of BDNF,PSD 95 and GluA1 in the hippocampus of mice. Methods Morris water maze training and test performance of 10-week-old male mice (young group) and 21-month-old C57BL/6 male mice (old group) were observed,and the protein expression of BDNF,PSD95 and GluA1 in the hippocampus of the two groups were detected by western blot technique. Results Compared with the young group,the learning and memory ability assessed by the water maze test of the old group decreased significantly (all P<0.05),the expression of BDNF,PSD95,GluA1 in total protein and the expression of GluA1 in membrane protein of the hippocampus of rats in the old group also decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusion The decline of learning and memory ability in aged mice is accompanied by a consistent decrease in the expression of synaptic function-related proteins BDNF,PSD95 and GluA1 in the hippocampus.