Abstract: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a syndrome that occurs within 6 hours after blood transfusion.The main clinical symptoms are acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypoxemia.It is the main cause of transfusion-related death,and has no specific treatment.In the past decade,in vivo models and clinical researches have improved our understanding to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of TRALI.With the optimization of blood donation strategy and blood preparation plan,its incidence rate has declined.We review the clinical definition,diagnosis strategy,pathophysiological mechanism and treatment methods of TRALI in this article to deepen the understanding and raise the concern of medical colleagues,which is of great significance to improve the safety of blood transfusion.