Abstract: Objective To study the situation of perioperative blood transfusion in patients with renal transplantation and analyze the laboratory indexes of patients,and provide evidences for clinical blood transfusion strategy of renal transplantation. Methods The blood transfusion data of 258 patients with renal transplantation in our hospital from 2014 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed;the laboratory indexes,and the rates of nosocomial infection and rejection in patients with blood transfusion and without blood transfusion were analyzed comparatively. Results Among the 258 patients with renal transplantation,94 patients had taken blood transfusion with the blood transfusion rate of 36.4%.There were significant differences in hemoglobin,hematocrit and activated partial thrombin time between patients with blood transfusion and without blood transfusion (P<0.05,respectively).The incidence of rejection of patients with blood transfusion and without blood transfusion were 9.57% (9/94) and 9.15% (15/164),and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The incidence of nosocomial infection of patients with blood transfusion and without blood transfusion were 6.38% (6/94) and 1.22% (2/164),respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Anemia treatment and coagulation management should be taken actively before transplantation to lessen unnecessary blood transfusion,and perioperative blood transfusion management should be strengthened.The relationship of blood transfusion with rejection and nosocomial infection needs further study.