Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of simultaneous thermotherapy with rehabilitation training on shoulder joint function of patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods From June 2017 to June 2019,a total of 82 patients with subacromial impingement syndrome admitted to our hospital who met the inclusion criteria after surgery were randomly divided into three groups:control group A (n=27),control group B (n=27) and experimental group (n=28).The control group A underwent rehabilitation training for 40 minutes after 20 minutes of traditional thermal therapy.The control group B received 20 minutes of thermal therapy by a Portable Thermal Shoulder Physiotherapy and then 40 minutes of rehabilitation training.In the experimental group,the patients underwent 40 minutes of rehabilitation and thermal therapy by a Portable Thermal Shoulder Physiotherapy at the same time.Visual analogue scale of pain (VAS) and Constant-Murley shoulder function scale (CMS) were recorded before and at 6 weeks,12 weeks after surgery,meanwhile adverse reactions were recorded (P>0.05). Results There was no significant difference in VAS score and CMS score between the three groups before surgery (P>0.05).After surgery,all subjects were followed up for at least 12 weeks.At 6 weeks and 12 weeks after operation,VAS score in the experimental group were superior to that in the control group A and control group B,with statistically significant differences (6-week:2.4±0.49 vs 3.9±0.50 and 3.4±0.52;12-week:1.3±0.52 vs 1.5±0.47 and 1.6±0.51;all P<0.05);CMS score was significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group A (6-week:59.37±1.69 vs 57.35±2.22;12-week:72.76±2.65 vs 73.44±3.01;all P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the experiment group and the control group B (P>0.05). Conclusion In the postoperative rehabilitation of subacromial impingement syndrome,simultaneous thermotherapy with rehabilitation training achieve more significant effect than sequential rehabilitation training following thermal therapy.