Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development of prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI technique makes them more capable for ultra-early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of spinal neural tube defects in the fetal stage. This review introduces the development status of prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI, and its advantages and disadvantages in the prenatal diagnosis and prognosis prediction of different types of spinal neural tube defects, and summarizes a series of practical diagnostic and evaluation methods, so as to improve the ability of clinicians to provide prenatal counseling to pregnant women.