Abstract:
Background Acute leukemia (AL) is a group of life-threatening hematological malignancies, and has been considered a major public health issue of global concern due to its rapid progression, short natural course and high cost of treatment. To date, the etiology of AL has not been fully elucidated, and the results of epidemiological etiological studies are still controversial. Recent data on risk factors for the development of AL are still lacking in China.
Objective To investigate potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors associated with the development of AL in adults.
Methods A multicenter 1∶1 case-control study was conducted in five 3A grade hospitals in Northern China (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Zhengzhou, Heze). Information about patients with AL and non-oncology patients who were hospitalized from January to December in 2020 were sought from face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Newly diagnosed adult AL patients were taken as the case group while non-oncology patients were used as the control group. Matching criteria for each pair of cases and controls included age, gender, nationality, location of residence and hospital of origin. Besides, hospital admission date of each matched case was quite similar. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between twelve risk factors and adult AL.
Results Totally 175 cases with AL and 175 matched controls were enrolled in the study. The median age of cases and controls were 46 (33−58) years and 46 (31−60) years (P=0.915), respectively. And the male to female ratio was about 1.5∶1. In univariate analysis, there were significant differences in exposure to house decoration within 3 months (χ2=10.002, P=0.002) and exposure to electromagnetic radiation within 300 meters of the residence (χ2=4.010, P=0.045) between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, exposure to house decoration within 3 months and exposure to electromagnetic radiation within 300 meters of the residence were related to the increased risk of adult AL, of which the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.801 (95% CI, 1.400 − 5.607, P=0.004) and 2.330 (95% CI, 1.099 − 4.938, P=0.027), respectively.
Conclusion Our results suggest that exposure to home decoration within 3 months and exposure to electromagnetic radiation within 300 meters of the residence may be risk factors for adult AL.
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