聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸神经导管支架修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损的效果研究

罗东; 史振伟; 王玉; 孙琦; 黄转青; 程晓清; 马玥; 杨飞; 张莹; 王聪聪; 许文静; 徐风华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2021.05.011

聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸神经导管支架修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损的效果研究

Repair of sciatic nerve defect in rats by polyethylene glycol modified polylactic acid nerve conduit scaffold

摘要

摘要:
背景组织工程有望替代自体神经移植，成为修复周围神经缺损的新途径，而组织支架神经导管正是组织工程三要素之一，针对组织支架神经导管的改进方法是目前的研究热点。
目的制备用于神经修复及再生的聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol，PEG)改性聚乳酸(poly lactic acid，PLA)神经导管支架并用其修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损。
方法利用溶剂挥发法制备PLA神经导管支架，用丙烯酰氯与PEG发生酰氯酯化反应合成聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)，用PEGDA通过化学交联的方式对导管内壁进行改性。电镜观察其微观形貌，利用CCK-8实验检测大鼠神经施万细胞RSC96在聚乙二醇改性的聚乳酸神经导管(PEG-PLA)预处理培养基中的增殖情况。取SD大鼠30只，随机分为自体神经移植组(ANG)、聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸神经导管组(PEG-PLA)、单纯聚乳酸神经导管组(PLA)，每组10只。制作大鼠坐骨神经10 mm缺损模型，分别采用自体神经移植、PEG-PLA导管和PLA导管桥接修复。术后行大体观察，术后2周行移植段神经再生速度评价；术后4周、8周、12周行步态分析，测定坐骨神经功能指数；术后12周取材行移植段再生神经组织学评价、腓肠肌湿重恢复率测量和组织学检查。
结果扫描电镜可见制备的PEG-PLA神经导管内壁质地疏松，有取向性排列整齐的纹路；各组神经导管的浸提液与RSC96细胞共培养后，RSC96细胞增殖未受到抑制，提示各组神经导管的生物相容性良好；术后2周移植段神经免疫荧光染色结果可见PEG-PLA组轴突再生情况优于PLA组，低于ANG组；术后12周，PEG-PLA组的步态分析、腓肠肌肌肉湿重恢复率以及Masson染色等结果均明显优于PLA神经导管组，更接近自体神经移植的修复效果。
结论聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸神经导管具有良好的组织相容性，神经修复效果良好。

Abstract:
Background Tissue engineering is promising to replace autogenous nerve transplantation and has become a new method to repair peripheral nerve defects. Tissue scaffold nerve conduit is one of the three elements of tissue engineering, and the improved method of tissue scaffold nerve conduit is the current research hotspot.
Objective To prepare poly (ethylene glycol) (polyethylene glycol, PEG) modified polylactic acid (poly lactic acid, PLA) nerve conduit scaffold for nerve repair and regeneration and evaluate its biological characteristics.
Methods PLA nerve conduit was prepared by solvent volatilization method. Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), was synthesized by acyl chloride esterification of PEG with acryloyl chloride. The inner wall of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was modified by PEGDA. The microscopic morphology was observed by electron microscope. The proliferation of rat nerve Schwann cell RSC96 in polyethylene glycol modified poly (lactic acid) nerve conduit (PEG-PLA) pretreatment medium was detected by CCK-8 experiment. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into autogenous nerve graft(ANG) group, poly (ethylene glycol) modified poly (lactic acid) nerve conduit (PEG-PLA) group, and poly (lactic acid) nerve conduit (PLA) group , with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of sciatic nerve 10 mm defect was repaired with autogenous nerve graft, PEG-PLA conduit, and PLA conduit, respectively. Gross observation was performed after operation, nerve regeneration speed was evaluated at 2 weeks after operation, gait analysis was performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, sciatic nerve function index was measured. At 12 weeks after operation, samples were taken for histological evaluation of regenerated nerve, wet weight recovery rate of gastrocnemius muscle and histological examination.
Results Scanning electron microscope showed that the inner wall of the PEG-PLA nerve conduit was loose and well arranged, and the proliferation of RSC96 cells was not inhibited after the nerve conduit was co-cultured with RSC96 cells, suggesting that the biocompatibility of the nerve conduit was good. At 2 weeks after operation, the results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the axon regeneration in the PEG-PLA group was better than that in the PLA group and lower than that in the ANG group. At 12 weeks after operation, the gait analysis, gastrocnemius muscle wet weight recovery rate and Masson staining in PEG-PLA group were superior to those in PLA nerve catheter group, which was closer to the repair outcome of autogenous nerve transplantation.
Conclusion Poly (ethylene glycol) modified polylactic acid nerve conduit has good histocompatibility and can improve the effect of nerve regeneration.

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